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Constitutional Architecture

GS2·7 Forge cards
Compression (2)Polarity (1)Root (2)Bridge (2)

Irreducible clarity — say one difficult thing precisely.

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Compression···GS-2Basic StructureConstitutional Amendment

The basic structure doctrine, articulated in Kesavananda Bharati (1973), holds that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution so as to destroy its basic structure. The Supreme Court has not provided an exhaustive list of what constitutes basic structure, but has identified elements including judicial review, separation of powers, federalism, and free and fair elections through case-by-case adjudication.

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