NODE 03 · GS Paper II
Parliament, Executive & Governance Institutions
Parliament and State legislatures — structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers and privileges; Structure, organisation and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.— UPSC Mains Syllabus
The institutional mechanics of Indian democracy: Parliament's legislative and oversight functions, the Cabinet and bureaucratic executive, the judiciary's governance role (PIL, judicial review, tribunals), and the regulatory state (NHRC, CAG, CVC, CEC). Questions test functional assessment — what works, what is broken, what reform would help.
3 refs
40 PYQs
1 CA entries
0/2 tasks
NCERT References
Chapters with a link open the NCERT Companion page.
Standard Textbooks
M. Laxmikanth: Indian Polity
Chapters: Ch 17–27, 30–35
Second ARC Report 10: Refurbishing of Personnel Administration
Chapters: Key recommendations
Supplementary Sources
Also relevant when writing this answer
These nodes commonly intersect with this one in real Mains questions. The connection is explained below each link.