Internal Security

Internal security challenges through communication networks, role of media and social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money laundering and its prevention; security challenges and their management in border areas; various security forces and agencies.— UPSC Mains Syllabus

India's internal security architecture: LWE, North-East insurgencies, cyber threats, border management, and financial crimes (money laundering, terror financing). UPSC tests both the threat landscape and the institutional response — which forces, what mandate, what reform is needed.